Ternary Operators

$name = (!empty($_GET['name'])? $_GET['name'] : 'John');

1. The conditional !empty($_GET['name'])
2. The true result $_GET['name']
3. The false result 'John'

if(!empty($_GET['name'])){
    $name = $_GET['name'];
}else{
    $name = 'John';
}

// Or

$name = 'John';
if(!empty($_GET['name'])){
    $name = $_GET['name'];
}

Nesting

Class Autoloading

The Code

function loadMyClass($class){
    echo 'We are loading class: ' . $class;
    include_once('classes/' . $class . '.inc.php');
    echo 'Class loaded.';
}

spl_autoload_register('loadMyClass');

spl_autoload_register(function ($class){
    echo 'We are loading class: ' . $class;
    include_once('classes/' . $class . '.inc.php');
    echo 'Class loaded.';
});

Dynamic Variables

$myname = 'Michael';
$yourname = 'Ben';
if($_GET['whatname'] == 'your'){
    echo $yourname;
}else if($_GET['whatname'] == 'my'){
    echo $myname;
}else{
    echo 'No Name';
}

$who = 'myname';
$$who = $'myname';
$$who = $myname;
echo $$who; // would return 'Michael'

$who = $_GET['whatname'] . 'name';
if(isset($$who)){
    echo $$who;
}else{
    echo 'No Name';
}

Referencing

function lowercase(&$string){
    $string = strtolower($string);
}

$name = 'STEPHEN';
lowercase($name);
echo $name; // returns stephen

Arrays

function potatoArray(&$array){
    $array[0] = 'potato';
}

$nonpotato = array(
    'john',
    'andrew',
    'cheese'
);

potatoArray($nonpotato);

print_r($nonpotato); // This will now have changed 'john' to 'potato'

Relative Time Calculation

<?php

class TimeClass {

    private static $days = array(
        'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'
    );

    /**
     * relativeTime()
     * @param int $time
     * @param string $format
     */
    public static function relative($time, $format = 'jS F Y'){
        if(date('d/m/Y', $time) === date('d/m/Y')){
            return 'Today';
        }else if(date('d/m/Y', $time) === date('d/m/Y', time() - 3600 * 24)){
            return 'Yesterday';
        }else if((time() - $time) < 3600 * 24 * 8){
            return 'Last ' . self::$days[date('w', $time)];
        }else{
            return date($format, $time);
        }

    }

}

echo TimeClass:relative(time());

<?php

function relativeTime($timestamp, $format = 'Y-m-d H:i'){
    $dif = time() - $timestamp;

    $dateArray = array(
        "second" => 60,     // 60 seconds in 1 minute
        "minute" => 60,     // 60 minutes in 1 hour
        "hour" => 24,       // 24 hours in 1 day
        "day" => 7,         // 7 days in 1 week
        "week" => 4,        // 4 weeks in 1 month
        "month" => 12,      // 12 months in 1 year
        "year" => 10        // Up to 10 years
    );

    foreach($dateArray as $key => $item){
        if($dif < $item)
            return $dif . ' ' . $key . ($dif == 1? '' : 's') . ' ago';
        $dif = round($dif/$item);
    }
    return date($format, $timestamp);
}